reducing tariff

1) General subject: reduced tariff, Q fare (discount fare)

2) Aviation: discount rate, discounted rate, low fare, peanut fare

3) Engineering: discount fare, discounted fare, promotional fare, rebate tariff, reducing tariff

4) Economy: column rate (публикуемый в отдельной колонке как процент от классного тарифа), released rate (устанавливаемый при встречном снижении отправителем объявленной ценности груза)

5) Telecommunications: cheap rate, off-peak rate

6) Electronics: cheap rate (ночной), off-peak rate (ночной)

7) Information technology: concession fare

8) Advertising: favourable rate

9) Business: preferential rate, preferential rates, reduced charge, reduced rate

10) Solar energy: feed-in tariff

11) EBRD: allowances, benefits, preferential tariff

"reduction;

Rückgang;

Abfall;

Untersetzung;

redução"

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f reduction, cut

riduzione del personale staff cutbacks

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riduzione s.f.

1 reduction, cut, cutback: riduzione dei prezzi, cut (o reduction) in prices; riduzione graduale dei prezzi, shading in prices; riduzione delle scorte, stock reduction; riduzione di pena, reduction of sentence // (econ.): riduzione delle spese, retrenchment of expenses; riduzione dei salari, cut in wages (o wage cut); riduzione del capitale sociale, reduction (o writing down) of capital stock; riduzione delle tariffe, tariff reduction // (trib.): riduzione d'imposta, tax abatement (o relief o cut); ottenere una riduzione sulle tasse, to be granted a rebate on taxes // ( assicurazioni) riduzione del premio a chi non provoca sinistri, no claims bonus // (banca): riduzione creditizia, credit rationing (o squeeze); riduzione del tasso di sconto, di interesse, reduction in the discount rate, in the interest rate // (inform.) riduzione dell'entità di un archivio, file compression

2 ( sconto) discount, rebate, markdown; una riduzione di 5 sterline, a markdown of 5 pounds; fare una riduzione, to give (o to grant) a discount; ottenere una riduzione sul prezzo, to obtain (o to be granted) a discount

3 ( adattamento) adaptation; ( di opera letteraria) abridgement: la riduzione televisiva di un romanzo, the television adaptation of a novel

4 (mus.) arrangement

5 (chim., mecc.) reduction

6 (med.) reduction

7 (astr.) reduction.

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sostantivo femminile

1) (sconto) discount, reduction

2) (diminuzione) (di spese, sovvenzioni, produzione, organico, salario, costi) cut (di in); (di armamenti) reducing

3) chim. med. mat. reduction

4) cinem. teatr.

•

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riduzione

/ridut'tsjone/

sostantivo f.

 1 (sconto) discount, reduction; riduzione del 5% 5% reduction o discount; riduzione per studenti concession o discount for students

 2 (diminuzione) (di spese, sovvenzioni, produzione, organico, salario, costi) cut (di in); (di armamenti) reducing; riduzione delle imposte tax cut; riduzione dei consumi decrease in spending

 3 chim. med. mat. reduction

 4 cinem. teatr. riduzione cinematografica, televisiva, teatrale dramatized version

COMPOUNDS

riduzione della pena dir. remission.

- limited nuclear war

- art of war

- at the height of war

- causes of war

- central war

- dogs of war

- drawn-out war

- entry into war

- escalation in the war

- experience of war

- explicit war

- hotbed of war

- ideological war

- implements of war

- in the eve of the war

- policy of war

- positional war

- prisoner of war

- progressive war

- state of war

- strain of the war

- threat of war

- three-cornered war

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Public utilities

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After attending Owens College, Manchester, Hopkinson was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1867 to read for the Mathematical Tripos. An appointment in 1872 with the lighthouse department of the Chance Optical Works in Birmingham directed his attention to electrical engineering. His most noteworthy contribution to lighthouse engineering was an optical system to produce flashing lights that distinguished between individual beacons. His extensive researches on the dielectric properties of glass were recognized when he was elected to a Fellowship of the Royal Society at the age of 29. Moving to London in 1877 he became established as a consulting engineer at a time when electricity supply was about to begin on a commercial scale. During the remainder of his life, Hopkinson's researches resulted in fundamental contributions to electrical engineering practice, dynamo design and alternating current machine theory. In making a critical study of the Edison dynamo he developed the principle of the magnetic circuit, a concept also arrived at by Gisbert Kapp around the same time. Hopkinson's improvement of the Edison dynamo by reducing the length of the field magnets almost doubled its output. In 1890, in addition to-his consulting practice, Hopkinson accepted a post as the first Professor of Electrical Engineering and Head of the Siemens laboratory recently established at King's College, London. Although he was not involved in lecturing, the position gave him the necessary facilities and staff and student assistance to continue his researches. Hopkinson was consulted on many proposals for electric traction and electricity supply, including schemes in London, Manchester, Liverpool and Leeds. He also advised Mather and Platt when they were acting as contractors for the locomotives and generating plant for the City and South London tube railway. As early as 1882 he considered that an ideal method of charging for the supply of electricity should be based on a two-part tariff, with a charge related to maximum demand together with a charge for energy supplied. Hopkinson was one the foremost expert witnesses of his day in patent actions and was himself the patentee of over forty inventions, of which the three-wire system of distribution and the series-parallel connection of traction motors were his most successful. Jointly with his brother Edward, John Hopkinson communicated the outcome of his investigations to the Royal Society in a paper entitled "Dynamo Electric Machinery" in 1886. In this he also described the later widely used "back to back" test for determining the characteristics of two identical machines. His interest in electrical machines led him to more fundamental research on magnetic materials, including the phenomenon of recalescence and the disappearance of magnetism at a well-defined temperature. For his work on the magnetic properties of iron, in 1890 he was awarded the Royal Society Royal Medal. He was a member of the Alpine Club and a pioneer of rock climbing in Britain; he died, together with three of his children, in a climbing accident.

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